Purchase Order and Order Confirmation

采购订单是采购部门发布的供应商的约束力文件，并指定进行购买的条款。订单确认是卖方向买方确认购买订单的文件。购买订单与订单确认之间的任何差异均应由买方和供应商澄清，以防止合同执行期间可能的诉讼。

什么是采购订单？

采购订单是由买方（即进口商）发布的行政文件，指定供应商必须提供的某些商品或服务的数量，质量，单位和总价以及一般条款和条件裁决购买，例如交货，交货条款（Incoterm), payment terms, payment means, legal conditions etc.

Buyer and supplier generally negotiate all these terms based on commercial offers, proposals, bids exchanged and discussed beforehand.

这sourcing process for project materials and services works according to the following general process:

1. Buyer floatsRFIs, RFPs, RFQs
2. Sellers respond and submit quotes (technical and commercial) or proforma invoices
3. 买方通过技术和商业查询或谈判评估竞争性技术和商业报价
4. 买方确定供应商的简短列表，并定义订单的分配（向一个或多个供应商）
5. 买方发布采购订单并将其发送给奖励供应商
6. Seller confirms the purchase order

As all these steps are completed, the seller(s) starts the delivery process and invoices the buyer.

交货后，PO中商定的付款条款设置了供应商发票的到期日。

如果买方发行PO并卖方确认了这一点，那么当事方（两者都在法律上都与交易约束。因此，在大多数情况下，PO具有更正式的“销售和购买合同”的优势（合同代替POS，通常是为了表达和复杂的交易）。

可以取消采购订单吗？

买方在订单确认时卖方接受的条款可能取消PO后取消PO的可能性。

这GTC(通用条款和条件)of major EPC contractors and End-users foresee a PO cancellation clause, which may entitle suppliers, or not, to recover the costs incurred between the date of acceptance of the order and the date of the order cancellation.

WHAT IS UOM (Unit of Measure, Unit of Measurement)?

UOM代表“测量单位”或“度量单位”，即表达产品数量的度量类型（例如：米，每个人，吨等）。

UoM is an important indicator inRFQs, bids, contracts and other commercial documents to make sure the parties agree on an exact quantity of goods to be sold and purchased.

下表显示了美国和欧洲最常见的措施及其转换因素：

什么是量量（最小订单数量）？

局部的意思是“最低订单数量”，即卖方愿意按单个订单交付的最低订单。

B2B中的最低订单数量高于B2C业务（1个单位可能是零售销售的足够数量），并且与经济生产批量有关。

MOV (Minimum Order Value)

MOQ differs from MOV, which is the “minimum order value”, i.e. the lowest amount of a purchase order that a seller can accept and confirm. A minimum order value is set to prevent small orders which generate high handling and overhead costs, which may be not compensated.

PURCHASE ORDER CONFIRMATION

这purchase order confirmation is a document issued by a seller that received an order from a buyer.

确认概述了买方在PO（物品的质量和数量，价格，交付，交易条款的质量和数量）设定的条件的接受（总或部分）。如果确认完全确认PO，则各方按照设定的条款在合法地与交易结合。

If the confirmation raises any discrepancy, buyer and supplier have to re-negotiate the terms of the PO.

Non perfectly matching documents represent different expectations for buyer and seller and expose both to the risk of litigation. Unclear agreements shall be avoided.

It is therefore important that buyer checks the confirmation against the PO, and contacts the seller in case any discrepancy is found.