这ASTM A312 specification covers seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel pipes used for high temperature and/or corrosive service (the most common grades are 304/304L and 316/316L). The A790 specification covers seamless duplex and super duplex pipes UNS S32205/31803 and UNS S32750/32760 (special SS grade with a mixed ferritic/austenitic microstructure). In this article, we illustrate the chemical and mechanical properties of the A312/A790 specifications
sTAINLESS STEEL PIPE ASTM A312
sTAINLESS STEEL TYPES
通常，任何至少有10.5％铬的钢合金都可以被视为不锈钢。然而，根据合金元素（镍，莫利，钛，钛，铜，氮等）的混合，可以提供多种等级。每种合金具有特定的结构以及化学和机械性能。
不锈钢的一般属性是，由于氧化铬的外部铬层，它们表现出对腐蚀的抗性。这种氧化物的作用像是微观保护层，与氧气反应并阻断腐蚀。此外，不锈钢合金在低温应用中具有更好的韧性，比碳钢，更好的强度和硬度，改善的延展性和低维护成本。
stainless steels may be grouped into a few families, designated as “series”. Let’s take a closer look.
Austenitic Stainless Steel (Series 300)
这se are the most common grades of stainless steel. The microstructure of austenitic stainless steels is obtained with the addition of nickel, manganese, and nitrogen that give weldability and formability properties to the alloy. The resistance to corrosion can be further improved by augmenting the percentage of chrome, moly, and nitrogen to the base alloy.
然而，基本的奥氏体等级容易受到应力腐蚀破裂的影响（镍的比例较高以增强应激腐蚀破裂）。奥氏体不锈钢不能通过热处理加固，但可以使高强度水平锻炼，同时保持合理的强度和延展性水平。
Even if austenitic steels are generally non-magnetic, they can show some magnetic property based on the actual alloy composition and the work hardening given during production. Austenitic stainless steels are divided into the series 200 (chromium-manganese-nickel alloys) and 300 (chromium-nickel alloys like 304, 309, 316, 321, 347, etc). Grade 304/304L is the most common austenitic stainless steel that suits most corrosive applications. Any other grade in the 300 series enhances the basic features of SS304.
马氏体不锈钢（系列400）
Martensitic stainless steels are similar to ferritic steels as they both have remarkable chromium content, however, martensitic steels have higher carbon content up to 1%. The high carbon content allows martensitic steels to be hardened and tempered as standard carbon and chrome alloy steels (but show generally low weldability and ductility).
This type of stainless steel is specified in case of high strength and moderate corrosion resistance requirements. Different from standard austenitic stainless steels, martensitic grades are magnetic. Common martensitic grades are 410, 420 and 440C.
Ferritic Stainless Steel (SS430)
铁素体不锈钢具有明显的铬含量，但碳的添加较低（通常低于0.1％）。这个不锈钢家族的名称来自这样一个事实，即它们的微观结构与碳和低合金钢非常相似。
这se steels have a wide range of application, except for thin surfaces as they have low resistance to welding or applications requiring formability (ferritic steels show low formability and ductility). Ferritic stainless steels cannot be hardened by heat treatment. By adding moly to a ferritic grade, the steel can be used in highly aggressive applications as desalination plants and seawater.
这些钢表现出对应力腐蚀破裂的显着抗性。同样，马氏体钢，铁素体SS是磁性的。最常见的铁素体等级是430（17％铬）和409（11％铬），在汽车部门主要使用。
Duplex and Super Duplex Stainless Steel (UNS S32205, S31803, S32750/760)
Duplex stainless steels have a microstructure which is 50% ferritic and 50% austenitic. This composition gives them a better strength than either ferritic or austenitic steels. Further details about this topic are given below (see ASTM A790 pipes).
precipitation hardening (PH 17-4)
pH钢可以具有明显的强度，因为在合金中加入铜，niobium和铝。
在最终老化治疗之前，可以将这些钢加工成具有高公差要求的非常特异的形状。这与在治疗过程中会造成失真的Martensitic钢的常规硬化和回火不同。
这resistance to corrosion of. precipitation hardening steels are comparable to standard austenitic steels like SS304.
这most common precipitation hardening stainless steel is the 17-4PH, which features 17% chromium and 4% nickel.
不锈钢管等级图（ASTM A312）
这table shows the chemical composition of the most common grades of stainless steel pipes under the ASTM A312-ASME SA312 specification:
| SS管道等级 | 联合国 | C | Mn | p | s | si | cr | 你 | 莫 | Ti | NB | n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TP304 | S3040 | 0.08 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 18.0-20.0 | 8。0-11.0 | ||||
| TP304L | S30403 | 0.035 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 18.0-20.0 | 8。0-13.0 | ||||
| TP304H | S30409 | 0。04-0.10 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 18.0-20.0 | 8。0-11.0 | ||||
| TP304N | S30451 | 0.08 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 18.0-20.0 | 8。0-18.0 | 0.10-0.16 | |||
| TP304Ln | S30453 | 0.035 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 18.0-20.0 | 8.0 - -12.0 | 0.10-0.16 | |||
| TP309S | S30908 | 0.08 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 22.0-24.0 | 12。0-15.0 | 0.75 | |||
| TP309H | S30909 | 0。04-0.10 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 22.0-24.0 | 12。0-15.0 | ||||
| TP309Cb | S30940 | 0.08 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 22.0-24.0 | 12。0-16.0 | 0.75 | 10xC min 1.10最大 |
||
| TP309HCb | S30941 | 0。04-0.10 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 22.0-24.0 | 12。0-16.0 | 0.75 | 10xC min 1.10最大 |
||
| TP310S | s3108 | 0.08 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 24。0-26.0 | 19.0-22.0 | 0.75 | |||
| TP310H | s3109 | 0。04-0.10 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 24。0-26.0 | 19.0-22.0 | ||||
| TP310Cb | s31040 | 0.08 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 24。0-26.0 | 19.0-22.0 | 0.75 | 10xC min 1.10最大 |
||
| TP310HCb | s31041 | 0。04-0.10 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 24。0-26.0 | 19.0-22.0 | 0.75 | 10xC min 1.10最大 |
||
| tp316 | S3160 | 0.08 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 16.0 - -18.0 | 11.0-14.0 | 2.0-3.0 | |||
| tp316l | S31603 | 0.035 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 16.0 - -18.0 | 10.0-14.0 | 2.0-3.0 | |||
| TP316H | S31609 | 0。04-0.10 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 16.0 - -18.0 | 11.0-14.0 | 2.0-3.0 | |||
| tp316Ti | S31635 | 0.08 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 0.75 | 16.0 - -18.0 | 10.0-14.0 | 2.0-3.0 | 5x （C-N） -0.70 |
0.10 | |
| tp316n | S31651 | 0.08 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 16.0 - -18.0 | 10.0-14.0 | 2.0-3.0 | 0.10-0.16 | ||
| tp316ln | S31653 | 0.035 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 16.0 - -18.0 | 11.0-14.0 | 2.0-3.0 | 0.10-0.16 | ||
| tp317 | S3170 | 0.08 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 18.0-20.0 | 10.0-14.0 | 3。0-4.0 | |||
| tp317l | S31703 | 0.035 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 18.0-20.0 | 11.0-15.0 | 3。0-4.0 | |||
| tp321 | s3210 | 0.08 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 17.0-19.0 | 9.0-12.0 | 0.10 | |||
| tp321H | s32109 | 0。04-0.10 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 17.0-19.0 | 9.0-12.0 | 0.10 | |||
| tp347 | s3470 | 0.08 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 17.0-19.0 | 9.0-13.0 | ||||
| tp347H | s34709 | 0。04-0.10 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 17.0-19.0 | 9.0-13.0 | ||||
| tp347LN | s34751 | 0.05-0.02 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 17.0-19.0 | 9.0-13.0 | 0.20- 50.0 |
0.06-0.10 | ||
| tp348 | s3480 | 0.08 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 17.0-19.0 | 9.0-13.0 | ||||
| tp348H | S34809 | 0。04-0.10 | 2.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 17.0-19.0 | 9.0-13.0 |
A312 SS PIPES MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
| SS管道等级 ASTM A312/ASME SA312 |
抗拉强度 N/MM2（最小） |
产量强度 N/MM2（最小） |
伸长 ％(min) |
| TP304 | 515 | 205 | 35 |
| TP304L | 485 | 170 | 35 |
| tp316 | 515 | 205 | 35 |
| tp316l | 485 | 170 | 35 |
| tp321 | OD <17,1 mm - 515; | OD < 17,1 mm – 205; | 35 |
| OD> 17,1毫米 - 485 | OD > 17,1 mm – 170 |
交叉参考表ASTM/EN不锈钢材料用于管道
| stainless Steel Pipe Grades | ||
|---|---|---|
| werkstoff/din | EN grades | ASTM等级 |
| 1。4541 | x6crniti18-10 | A 312 Grade TP321 |
| 1。4571 | X6CRNIMOTI17-12-2 | 312级TP316TI |
| 1。4301 | X5CrNi18-10 | A 312 Grade TP304 |
| 1。4306 | X2CRNI19-11 | 312级TP304L |
| 1。4307 | X2CRNI18-9 | 312级TP304L |
| 1。4401 | X5CRNIMO17-12-2 | A 312 Grade TP316 |
| 1。4404 | X2CrNiMo17-13-2 | 312级TP316L |
| 1。4462 | X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 | 联合国s31803(Duplex) |
| 1。4529 | X1NiCrMoCuN25-20-7 | UNS N 08926 |
| 1。4539 | x1nicrmocu25-20-5 | UNS N 08904（904L） |
| 1。4547 | X1CRNIMOCUN20-18-7 | 联合国s31254 |
ASTM A312 PIPE DIMENSIONS
这standard stainless steel pipes dimensions are set by theANSI ASME B36.19 specification。
无缝的SS管有尺寸范围1/8英寸到达24英寸，焊接不锈钢管在2英寸至36英寸的范围内生产（ASTM A312，ASTM A358，即电融合焊接的无液压镀和无的无用的无污水镀铬的钢铁钢管，或滚动）。
ASTM A312管道重量
| 名义管尺寸 | Outside Diameter | 不锈钢管尺寸 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 附表5s | schedule 10S | schedule 40S | 附表80s | ||||||||||
| （毫米） | (inch) | wt /重量 | |||||||||||
| mm（in） | kg/m | mm（in） | kg/m | mm（in） | kg/m | mm（in） | kg/m | ||||||
| 1/8 | 10.3 | 0.405 | - | - | 1.25（0.049） | 0.28 | 1.73（0.068） | 0.37 | 2.42（0.095） | 0.47 | |||
| 1/4 | 13。7 | 0.540 | - | - | 1.66（0.065） | 0.49 | 2.24（0.088） | 0.63 | 3.03（0.119） | 0.80 | |||
| 3/8 | 17.2 | 0.675 | - | - | 1.66（0.065） | 0.63 | 2。32(0.091) | 0.85 | 3.20(0.126) | 1.10 | |||
| 1/2 | 21.3 | 0.840 | 1.65（0.065） | 0.81 | 2.11（0.083） | 1.00 | 2.77（0.109） | 1.27 | 3.74（0.147） | 1.62 | |||
| 3/4 | 26。7 | 1.050 | 1.65（0.065） | 1.02 | 2.11（0.083） | 1.28 | 2.87（0.113） | 1.68 | 3.92（0.154） | 2.20 | |||
| 1 | 33.4 | 1.315 | 1.65（0.065） | 1.30 | 2.77（0.109） | 2.09 | 3.38（0.133） | 2.50 | 4。55(0.179) | 3.24 | |||
| 11/4 | 42.2 | 1.660 | 1.65（0.065） | 1.66 | 2.77（0.109） | 2.69 | 3.56（0.140） | 3。39 | 4.86(0.191) | 4。47 | |||
| 11/2 | 48。3 | 1。900 | 1.65（0.065） | 1.91 | 2.77（0.109） | 3.11 | 3.69（0.145） | 4.06 | 5.08（0.200） | 5。41 | |||
| 2 | 60.3 | 2.375 | 1.65（0.065） | 2.40 | 2.77（0.109） | 3。93 | 3.92（0.154） | 5。45 | 5。54(0.218) | 7.49 | |||
| 21/2 | 73.0 | 2。875 | 2.11（0.083） | 3。69 | 3.05（0.120） | 5。26 | 5.16（0.203） | 8.64 | 7.01（0.276） | 11。4 | |||
| 3 | 88.9 | 3。500 | 2.11（0.083） | 4。52 | 3.05（0.120） | 6。46 | 5.49（0.216） | 11。3 | 7.62 (0.300) | 15。3 | |||
| 31/2 | 101.6 | 4.000 | 2.11（0.083） | 5。18 | 3.05（0.120） | 7.41 | 5.74（0.226） | 13。6 | 8.08（0.318） | 18。6 | |||
| 4 | 114.3 | 4。500 | 2.11（0.083） | 5。84 | 3.05（0.120） | 8。37 | 6。02(0.237) | 16。1 | 8.56（0.337） | 22.3 | |||
| 5 | 141。3 | 5。563 | 2.77（0.109） | 9.46 | 3.41（0.134） | 11.6 | 6.56（0.258） | 21.8 | 9.53 (0.375) | 31.0 | |||
| 6 | 168.3 | 6.625 | 2.77（0.109） | 11。3 | 3.41（0.134） | 13。9 | 7.12 (0.280) | 28。3 | 10.9（0.432） | 42.6 | |||
| 8 | 219.1 | 8.625 | 2.77（0.109） | 14。8 | 3.76（0.148） | 20.0 | 8.18（0.322） | 42.5 | 12。7 (0.500) | 64.6 | |||
| 10 | 273.1 | 10.750 | 3.41（0.134） | 22.7 | 4。20(0.165) | 27.8 | 9.28 (0.365) | 60.4 | 12。7 (0.500) | 81。5 | |||
| 12 | 323.9 | 12.750 | 3。97 (0.156) | 31.3 | 4.58（0.180） | 36。1 | 9.53 (0.375) | 73.9 | 12。7 (0.500) | 97.4 | |||
A312管道直径耐受性
| nps | ASTM A312/ASME SA312 OD Tolerance | |||
| + | - | |||
| 英寸 | 毫米 | 英寸 | 毫米 | |
| 1/8 1 1 / 2 > 1 1/2至4 > 4 to 8 > 8 to 18 > 18 to 26 > 26至34 > 34至48 |
1/64（0.015） 1/32（0.031） 1/16（0.062） 3/32(0.093) 1/8(0.125) 5/32（0.156） 3/16（0.187） |
0.4 0.8 1.6 2.4 3.2 4.0 4.8 |
1/32（0.031） 1/32（0.031） 1/32（0.031） 1/32（0.031） 1/32（0.031） 1/32（0.031） 1/32（0.031） |
0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 |
A312 PIPE WALL THICKNESS TOLERANCE
这nominal wall thickness tolerance is +/- 12.5%.
| nps | ASTM A312/ASME SA312 WT Tolerance, % | |
| + | - | |
| 1 /8-2 1/2 | 20.0 | 12。5 |
| 3〜18，t/d≤5％ | 22.5 | 12。5 |
| 3〜18，t/d> 5％ | 15。0 | 12。5 |
| ≥ 20, welded | 17.5 | 12。5 |
| ≥20，无缝，t/d≤5％ | 22.5 | 12。5 |
| ≥20，无缝，T/D> 5％ | 15。0 | 12。5 |
A312 SS PIPE FINISHING AND TESTING
| 抛光 | 制造商可以将任何不锈钢管涂成＃4抛光剂，＃6抛光剂，＃7抛光剂或＃8镜面饰面。 |
| 铜ttings | stainless steel pipes can be produced in standard lengths or cut to size (standard lengths are 20′ and 40′ depending on the nominal pipe size). |
| Beveling | Manufacturers can bevel the edges of stainless steel pipes to prepare them for welding. |
| Threading | 不锈钢管还可以提供，除了平整和斜面的末端，还带有螺纹末端（通常适用于2英寸以下的NP） |
| 珩磨管& Turning | 制造商可以使用精确的磨损工具磨练SS管道和管，并获得任何所需的表面处理或尺寸耐受性。 |
| Heat treating & Annealing | 大多数不锈钢管等级都可以进行热处理以修饰其机械性能。 |
| positive Material Identification (PMI) | Manufacturers can perform PMI testing to ascertain the actual content of Nickel, Chrome, and Moly in the pipe. |
| UT测试 | In some cases, UT testing of the stainless steel plates may be required. |
我们建议从ASTM websiteor theIHS store要完全了解这个话题。
双工管道
A duplex pipe features, at the same time, the qualities of a ferritic SS pipe (high resistance to corrosion cracking and tensile strength) and of an austenitic SS pipe (easy manufacturing and good resistance to corrosion and erosion). Duplex pipes 2205 (UNS S31803/UNS S32205) are used for applications below 600 degrees (F).
双链体和超级双链不锈钢是可焊接的，具有中等的形成性。这些类型的不锈钢是磁性的，但由于50％的奥氏体含量而导致的铁素体，马氏体和降水硬化等级的程度较低。
这common grades under this family are:
- 精益复式：联合国s32101, S32202 (UR2202), S32304, and S32003.
- 标准双工：UNS S31803/S32205
- 超级双工：UNS S32760（Zeron 100），S32750（2507）和S32550（Ferralium 255）
- 超双层：联合国s32707 and S33207
这ASTM A790specification covers seamless duplex and super duplex pipes for demanding applications, with high corrosion, temperature, and pressure. Electro-fusion welded duplex and super duplex welded pipes are covered, instead, by theASTM A928 specification。
双链体和超级双链体可以被视为“高级”不锈钢管，并且可以在市场上可在相同尺寸的常规A312不锈钢管道（由ASME B36.19规格覆盖的尺寸范围）中获得。
这re are a few differences between duplex/super duplex pipes and conventional stainless steel pipes, which are explained below.
什么是双工钢？
“双链”一词是指具有双重结构的不锈钢家族 - 即它们既不是完全奥氏体的SS结构，例如304不锈钢，也不是标准铁素体（例如430系列）。
Duplex stainless steel (UNS S31803/UNS S32205) has been developedto overcome the issues of the 300 series stainless steelsAS 316L和317L（在金属暴露于含有氯化物的液体或通过钢暴露于高温下的液体的情况下，在拉伸应力下的氯化应力腐蚀开裂）。
双链钢的微观结构由连续铁氧体相（约40-50％铁氧体）包围的奥氏体池组成。
因此，双链管结合铁素体和奥氏体不锈钢材料的品质。
联合国2205duplex steel finds application in marine projects, oil & gas exploration, closed loops water systems, desalinization plants, hydrocarbons storage and transportation, downstream refining, pulp, and paper.
Duplex are resistant to stress corrosion cracking. While standard duplex steels have corrosion resistance comparable to standard austenitic steels (but show better strength and resistance to stress-corrosion-cracking), the so-called super duplex steels feature enhanced strength and resistance to any type of corrosion compared to standard austenitic steels.
DUPLEX CORROSION RESISTANCE
双相不锈钢显示了优越的腐蚀resistance to grade 316 for most applications (excellent resistance to localized corrosion including intergranular, pitting and crevice corrosion; the CPT of 2205 is generally at least 35ºC). Duplex is also resistant to chloride corrosion cracking (SCC) at temperatures up to about 150ºC.
2205级双链体通常会在导致标准的300级不锈钢的标准奥氏体等级过早失败的环境中表现良好。与不锈钢316相比，它对海水腐蚀具有更强的抵抗力。
请注意，尽管双链不锈钢表现出良好的高温氧化耐药性，但如果在一段时间内保持在300ºC以上的温度下，则有2205次遭受封闭状态。（这种情况只能通过完整的溶液退火处理来纠正）。
For this reason, Duplex stainless steels are never used for temperatures in excess of 300ºC. Duplex pipes match the following fittings materials: ASTM A815 (butt weld fittings) and ASTM A182 F51 / F53 / F55 (flanges / forged socket weld – threaded fittings).
A790双链管特性
| 联合国 | 化学成分 | Min.tensile（KSI） | Min.Yield (KSI) |
伸长 ％ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 联合国s31803 | C0。30max CR 21.0-23.0 Mn2.00max 莫2.50-3.50 n0.08-0.20 NI 4.50-6.50 p 0.030最大 s 0.020最大 si 1.00 max |
90 | 65 | 25 |
| UNS S32205 | C0。30max cr22.0-23.0 Mn2.00max 莫3。00-3.50 n 0.14-0.20 NI 4.50-6.50 p 0.030最大 s 0.020最大 si1.00 max |
95 | 65 | 25 |
Duplex pipes are manufactured according to the ASME B36.19 standard.
超级复式管
wHAT IS SUPER DUPLEX?
super duplex stainless steel is a variation of the duplex steel alloy which is used in the oil & gas, chemical, power generation, mechanical and desalination industries:
- oil & gas production equipment
- Offshore platforms
- heat exchangers
- process and service water systems
- 消防系统
- 注入和压载水系统
- piping
- 高压RO植物和海水管道
- 机械应用中的高强度和耐腐蚀零件
- FGD系统（发电）
- Utility and industrial scrubber systems
- 吸收塔
这higher chromium and molybdenum content of Super Duplex vs. Duplex makes it extremely resistant to uniform corrosion by organic acids like formic and acetic acid.
super Duplex also provides excellent resistance to inorganic acids, especially those containing chlorides.
由PREN = Cr + 3.3mo + 16N计算的超级双链体的凹痕电阻等效物在大多数材料形式中将超过40。
A790超级双面管道属性
| 联合国 | 化学成分 | 最小的 (KSI) |
Min.Yield (KSI) |
伸长 ％ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 联合国s32750 | C最大0.030 cr24。0-26.0 铜0。5max Mn1。20max 莫3。0-5.0 n0。24-0.32 你6.0-8.0 p0.035max s0.020马克思 si0.8max |
116 | 80 | 15 |
| UNS S32760（“ Sandvik”） | C最大0.03 cr24。0-26.0 铜0.5-1.0 Mn1.0最大 莫3。0-4.0 n0。2-0.3 你6.0-8.0 p最大0.03 s0。01max si1.0最大 w0.5-1.0 |
109 | 80 | 25 |
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9 Responses
Hi,
非常有用和最新信息。我想用一个“传奇”一词说，来源的积累并以一种很好的方式描述它。感谢您分享并将知识传播到金属行业！
All the very best.
感谢您的感谢评论。如果您需要有关某些特定主题的更多信息，请向我们发送电子邮件至[email protected]。To submit an RFQ for piping materials, please visit this page:https://188金博宝吧projectMaterials.com/submit-rfq-mto。Best regards, Projectmaterials
we Would Like To Thanks For Such A Good Blog On Nickel Pipes
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好文章！！！感谢您与我们分享这些知识。这是对我有帮助的信息
感谢您与我们分享这篇文章
Thank you for sharing this信息和我们。
对于学习者和执行者来说，非常好的信息。
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Thank you for mentioning that corrosion is a major problem in high-temperature situations when stainless steel pipes are employed. I recently moved into a new home and plan to add a steel structure to it. To assist me, I will speak with a structural steel expert.