From BFD to PFD, P&ID, F&ID (Process)

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Table of Contents

This post illustrates the steps from the initial block and flow diagrams to achieve the finalPiping & Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) diagramsrequired for the interpretation and governance of process plants, as well as to highlight and report on the video pages of the Distributed Control System (DCS) measurement and control loops suitable for the management of the plants.

P&ID起草过程

通常,流程方案是要在设计阶段实现,开发的系统的统一图形表示,并将其分为:

  1. Block Flow Diagram (BFD)
  2. 过程流程图(PFD)
  3. 过程和仪器图(P&ID或P&I)
  4. 流与仪器图(F&ID或FID)

块流图(BFD)

The Block Flow Diagram has the purpose of illustrating the logical flow of the processing phases of the product, highlighting the processing sequence, their concatenations and the types of treatment plant: each block represents a treatment unit of the process plant.

Block Flow Diagram (BFD)
Block Flow Diagram (BFD)

ProCESS流程图(PFD)

过程流程图检查了单个单元或植物本身,它代表主要设备,它们之间的连接(管道),突出显示了主要工具(设备,仪器和阀门),以及正确操作的必要设置植物本身的正确管理,如以下名义操作条件:

  • Flow
  • 压力
  • 温度
  • Chemical composition
过程流程图(PFD)
过程流程图(PFD)

过程和仪器图(P&ID或P&I)

过程和仪器图是流程方案的逻辑延续,因为后者提供了工厂建设和可操作性所需的所有信息。

每个专业工程单元都使用国际认可的符号(例如,ISA S系列5)完成和/或开发,通过插入该计划,其能力的一部分:

  • Data and characteristics of the equipment
  • 管道的编号和分类
  • 控制室里的仪器
  • 场上的仪表和阀门
  • Construction and installation notes

对于简单的E完成的P&ID,请参见图1,该图1显示了一个简单的Wessel级别控件,该控制由以下方式组成:

  • an electrical control loop, with level transmitter LT 1, level controller LIC 1, I/P converter LY 1 and level control valve LCV1;
  • an electrical safety loop, with a level switch of high-level LSHH 2 with level alarm LAHH 2 and safety valve LSV 2 auctioned by the solenoid S;

and with the necessary different Supply, i.e. Air (AS), Electrical (ES) and Water (WS).

P&ID图或P&I
P&ID图或P&I

图1
Example of a measured and controlled Wessel with discrete electronic instrumentation:

  1. Identify the control loop
  2. Identify the security loop

流与仪器图(F&ID或FID)

From the P&ID, additional utility schemes are obtained that are necessary for the construction and operation of the plant, such as:

  • 简化图视频页面
  • Simplified diagrams for the operating manual
  • 液压或气动管道测试电路的路线图

通常,从管道和仪器图(P&ID)中,可以获得流量和仪器图(F&ID),也称为3月方案,该方案短暂地突出显示:

  • Process lines
  • 主仪器
  • 控制和安全循环

suitable for the construction of video pages and the management of the Distributed Control System (DCS).
For a simplified F&ID see Figure 2 that shows a typical 3 Phases Separator of crude oil coming from the extraction wells, in the three phases:

  1. Gas, top right, controlled by the PC controller
  2. 油,右侧下部,由第一LC级控制器控制
  3. 左下的水,由第二LC级控制器控制

完成对分离器的控制,即防止高压的安全装置:

  1. 压力安全阀(PSV)
  2. 破裂磁盘,通常命名为压力安全元件(PSE)

该方案确实被简化为展示,以介绍:

  1. a)量度,即监视主过程变量
  2. b) Regulation, or control of the main process variables
  3. c)启动或修改主过程变量
  4. d) Safety, control, and blocking of the process for exceeding the process pressure max
F&ID Example 3-phase separator unit
F&ID Example 3-phase separator unit

图2简化的3阶段分离器的示例:Gas, Oil, and Water

P&ID与PFD

通常,工艺流程图(PFD)通常仅显示化学过程中使用的主要设备以及工厂内处理过的化学物质的逻辑流。

PFD是在植物工程的初始阶段开发的,或用于培训,维护和操作目的,以概述必须由工厂管理的过程的基本特征。

PFD通常不显示缓解系统,泵送最小流量,压缩机抗溶剂流和隔离系统。

A P&ID drawing, instead, is a more detailed representation of the processes, including any minor or minor flow, any piping and instrumentation equipment, and the control loops that govern the system.

P&IDs diagrams are developed by intense cooperation of instrumentation, electrical, mechanical, safety engineers.

该过程achieve a final P&IDis described in this article.
In a P&ID, all components are numbered and defined in terms of service and specifications, nozzles, internals, and manholes are indicated, and the piping connection types are clearly defined.

更详细地说,P&ID显示(关于管道组件):

  • any startup, production, shut-off, emergency, and maintenance line
  • 任何带有解释性评论的管道组件
  • process line information, such as line number, size, fluid symbol, applicable piping class, and insulation requirements
  • 任何配置要求,例如口袋的数量和免费排水

关于仪器系统,P&ID图显示:

  • 控制,监视,关闭,互锁或自动化植物的任何工具
  • all field instruments
  • 控制和关闭阀,包括其类型,故障状态和尺寸信息
  • 所需的压力缓解阀,并有有关集合过度压力和尺寸的指示
  • 信号的类型,例如气动,电力,液压,软连接,数字等。

最后,P&ID图应显示:

  • EPC承包商和最终用户之间的电池限制
  • the is battery limit
  • 工艺包装设备
  • line break information, as line number, piping class, and insulation

关于作者

Alessandro Brunelli

作者:多特。教授Alessandro Brunelli– Professor of Instrumentation, Automation, and Safety of Industrial Plants

Cavaliere dell’ Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana (OMRI N. 9826 Serie VI)

Author of “仪器手册”(其中有):

  • Part 1: illustrates the general concepts on industrial instrumentation, the symbology, the terminology and calibration of the measurement instrumentation, the functional and applicative conditions of the instrumentation in normal applications and with the danger of explosion, as well as the main directives (ATEX , EMC, LVD, MID, and PED);
  • Part 2: this part of the book deals with the instrumentation for measuring physical quantities: pressure, level, flow rate, temperature, humidity, viscosity, mass density, force and vibration, and chemical quantities: pH, redox, conductivity, turbidity, explosiveness, gas chromatography, and spectrography, treating the measurement principles, the reference standard, the practical executions, and the application advantages and disadvantages for each size;
  • 第3部分:说明了反馈,比率,级联,覆盖,拆分范围,间隙控制,变速后,分布式控制系统(DCS)中的反馈,比率,级联范围,拆分范围,隔离范围,隔离范围,隔离范围,隔离范围,隔离范围,隔离范围,隔离范围,拆分范围,隔离范围,拆分范围,隔离范围,级联(DCS)中的控制,调节和安全阀,然后说明反馈和坐标中的简单调节技术以及简单的调节技术(DCS)对于连续流程,可编程逻辑控制器(PLC),用于不连续的过程和通信协议(BUS),最后是与系统安全系统有关的方面,从操作警报到火灾和气体系统,再到ESD停止系统,最后到工具安全具有图形和分析确定安全完整性水平(SIL)的系统(SIS),并具有一些实际示例。

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一个回应

  1. 您能帮我绘制牛奶巴氏杀菌厂的以下过程流程图吗?

    以下是牛奶巴氏杀菌厂的简化工艺流程图。

    添加缺失的仪器和单件,然后为上述简化的牛奶巴氏杀菌厂绘制工艺和仪器图(P&ID)。根据ISA S5.1标准提供仪器标签。
    请注意,这里要控制的过程变量是牛奶温度。
    将图纸附加到作业。
    You can use one of the following online services to create the diagram:
    https://app.diagrams.net
    https://www.lucidchart.com

    使用上述服务时,请确保添加“过程工程”符号,如下所示:

    Lucidchart

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